P-AVN-6-H · HDMI 2.1 ⇄ IPMX / ST 2110

Any raster in.
Every bit accounted for.

Type any resolution and refresh rate. See the pixel clock, which HDMI 2.1 link mode carries it, whether it runs uncompressed on the 10 and 25 GbE SFP28 ports, and the JPEG XS bpp and bandwidth on 1 GbE. Every result is checked against the limits of the AVN-6-H.

Pixel clock––
HDMI link––
IPMX uncompressed––
AVN-6-H––
Start from
Video format
×
Scan
Frame rate
Timing
Standard

Colour
Sampling
Bit depth
HDMI 2.1
IPMX / ST 2110
Packing
Audio (ST 2110-30)
JPEG XS · 1 GbE
Profile

Leave empty for the highest bpp that fits the 1 GbE port.

Raster and timing

HDMI 2.1 link

Fits Above 90% of the line budget Does not fit 100%

FRL load is per video line: active pixels packed as FRL characters plus the blanking packets, against what the link delivers in one line time after 16b/18b coding, RS FEC, map characters and a 0.5% pixel clock tolerance. FRL 4×10G and 4×12G are shown for reference; the AVN-6-H supports up to FRL 4×8G.

IPMX / ST 2110 on the network

Uncompressed fits (SFP28) JPEG XS (1 GbE RJ45) Does not fit Max link load

Wire rate counts RTP, RFC 4175, UDP, IPv4, Ethernet, FCS, preamble and inter-frame gap on every packet. The SFP28 ports carry uncompressed only; ST 2022-7 sends a full copy on each, so each path needs the rate shown. JPEG XS (TR-10-11 / ST 2110-22) runs on the 1 GbE RJ45 port.

AVN-6-H limits

What this format needs from the unit

    Rasters, blanking and timing

    What a resolution really sends

    A 3840×2160 image is never sent as 3840×2160 pixels. Every line and every frame carries extra time around the picture, called blanking. The picture plus its blanking is the raster, and the timing standard decides how big that blanking is.

    Blanking started as the time a CRT beam needed to fly back. Today it carries HDMI audio packets and InfoFrames, and it gives receivers time to lock. The pixel clock pays for all of it: pixel clock = H total × V total × frame rate.

    Each line runs active pixels, then a front porch, a sync pulse and a back porch. Each frame does the same in lines. The sizes of those porches and pulses are what CTA-861, DMT and the CVT family define.

    Active video H active × V active front porch H sync back porch V front porch V sync V back porch H total = active + H blanking
    • Active video
    • Front porch
    • Sync pulse
    • Back porch
    Blanking shown larger than real for legibility. Order in time: active, front porch, sync, back porch.
    CTA-861TV and broadcast formats

    Fixed table of formats (VICs) with generous blanking. 1080p60 is 2200×1125 at 148.5 MHz. What sources send for 720p, 1080p, 4K and 8K.

    VESA DMTLegacy PC modes

    Fixed list of monitor timings, many copied from CVT or CVT-RB. No formula, so no custom sizes.

    CVTFormula, CRT era

    Works for any size. H blanking is 20–30% of the line and V sync plus back porch at least 550 µs. Wasteful at high resolutions.

    CVT-RBMonitors, custom panels, LED walls

    160 px of H blanking and at least 460 µs of V blanking. Pixel clock in 0.25 MHz steps. The usual choice for LCD monitors.

    Your raster in each standard

    TimingTotal rasterBlankingBlanking sharePixel clockTMDS loadLowest HDMI mode
    HDMI TMDS

    Sends every pixel of the raster, blanking included, so blanking costs real bandwidth. Moving from CVT to CVT-RB can bring a format under the 600 Mcsc TMDS limit and avoid FRL altogether.

    HDMI 2.1 FRL

    Sends only active pixels plus blanking packets, so blanking costs time, not bits. Very large H blanking squeezes the active pixels into a shorter part of the line, which is what the borrow warning in the checklist is about.

    IPMX / ST 2110-20

    Sends active pixels only. The timing standard has no effect on the network bandwidth; the receiver rebuilds the raster from the stream's format description.

    Custom EDID

    A source only sends a custom raster if the EDID advertises it. A standard descriptor stops at 4095 active pixels and 655.35 MHz; beyond that the AVN-6-H EDID needs a DisplayID Type VII timing.

    How the numbers are made

    Method and assumptions

    Timing

    CTA-861 formats use the exact H and V totals from the standard, including the 1000/1001 variants. CVT and CVT-RB follow the VESA CVT 1.2 formulas: 550 µs minimum V sync plus back porch for CVT, 460 µs minimum V blank with 160 pixels of H blank for reduced blanking.

    Pixel clock is rounded to the CVT clock step of 0.25 MHz, so the actual refresh rate can differ slightly from the requested one. The actual rate is used everywhere downstream.

    HDMI TMDS

    TMDS character rate = pixel clock × bits per component / 8 for RGB and 4:4:4, the pixel clock for 4:2:2 (always a 24-bit container), and half that for 4:2:0. Limit is 600 Mcsc (18 Gbps). Above 340 Mcsc the link needs scrambling.

    HDMI 2.1 FRL

    FRL does not send horizontal blanking as pixels, so the load depends on active pixels per line and the line time, not on the full raster. Per line: active tribytes × 1.5 FRL characters plus 64 + 32 × audio packets for blanking, against line time × lanes × rate / 18.

    Overheads removed from capacity: RS parity 8/510, map characters 2.5/510, super-block start, a 0.3% margin, 300 ppm bit-rate tolerance and 0.5% pixel clock tolerance. 4:2:2 uses 24 bits per pixel; 4:2:0 halves the bits.

    Active-period borrow above 400 tribytes (the HDMI 2.1 limit) is flagged as a warning. It happens with large H blanking on a busy link; reduced blanking avoids it.

    ST 2110-20 / IPMX TR-10-2

    Only active pixels are sent. Bits per pixel: 3×depth for RGB and 4:4:4, 2×depth for 4:2:2, 1.5×depth for 4:2:0. Payload is packed in whole pgroups up to 1428 bytes (GPM) or 1260 bytes (BPM).

    Every packet adds 86 bytes on the wire: RTP 12, RFC 4175 8, UDP 8, IPv4 20, Ethernet 14, FCS 4, preamble 8, IFG 12 (+4 with a VLAN tag). Audio is ST 2110-30 / AES67 at 48 kHz, 24-bit, 1 ms packets.

    JPEG XS

    JPEG XS runs on the 1 GbE RJ45 port with the JXS High or JXS TDC profile; the 10 and 25 GbE SFP28 ports carry uncompressed only. A JPEG XS stream is set by bits per pixel: bandwidth = bpp × active pixels × frame rate, plus packet overhead.

    Leave bpp empty to get the highest bpp that stays under the max link load after audio and packet overhead, or enter a fixed bpp to see its bandwidth. The profile does not change the bandwidth for a given bpp.

    AVN-6-H limits

    AVN-6-H: 22.8 Gbps uncompressed ceiling, 8/10-bit, BT.709/BT.2020, interlaced 1080i50/59.94/60, 576i50 and 480i59.94, 2× SFP28 (10/25 GbE) for uncompressed, 1 GbE RJ45 for JPEG XS.

    EDID: a standard Detailed Timing Descriptor stores active sizes in 12 bits and the pixel clock in 10 kHz steps in 16 bits, so it tops out at 4095 pixels and 655.35 MHz. Larger custom rasters need a DisplayID Type VII timing in the EDID.

    Maximum raster 10240 pixels per line and 4320 lines; HDMI 2.1 up to FRL 4×8G. Widths that are a multiple of 8 are recommended for custom rasters.

    Values are calculated for system planning. Whether a specific format works also depends on the source, the display and the EDID in use.